Chemotherapy and Nail Toxicity

Chemotherapy and Nail Toxicity Hyper pigmented nails: Chemotherapy causing chromonychia Running head: Chemotherapy and nail harmfulness Dr Kamal Kant sahu (M.D medication,) Dr Gaurav Prakash (M.D medication, DM clinical oncology) Dr Pankaj Malhotra (MD medication) Prof. Subhash Chandar Varma (MD medication) Word tally 787 Figure tally 4 Table-1 References tally 3 Watchwords: Chromonychia; leuconychia; hyperpigmeted nails; Dynamic Nail harmfulness are among the favorable and ignored reactions connected to numerous chemotherapeutic medications. Taxanes and anthracyclines are the antineoplastic medication bunches most generally ensnared. Nail changes can include a few or each of the 20 nails and show up in worldly relationship with medicate consumption. More often than not, poisonousness is simply an issue of worry because of restorative reasons, anyway infrequently it might be related with torment. Genuine rate of nail changes identified with specific medications are as yet missing due to under-detailing and obliviousness of expected symptoms among the patients, requiring the instruction before foundation of medications and proper administration like, staying away from expected aggravations and utilization of topical, or oral antimicrobials, and conceivably end or portion decrease of the culpable specialist or utilization of cryotherapy at times may surely be valuable. Presentation Chemotherapeutic medications are related with assortment of nail changes. These nail changes are typically incidentally and use to determine once chemo harmful medications are halted. Regular medications influencing are hydroxyurea, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, methotrexate and cytarabine. We here report our involvement in two patients who created nail changes over the span of chemotherapy for hematological malignancies Case Report 1 A 19-year-old little fellow was admitted to the our hospital’s hematology ward with the side effects of fever and lymphadenopathy in cervical and axillary area .Workup including bone marrow assessment, PET CT check, excisional biopsy of lymph hub were done and finding of T cell rich B lymphoblastic lymphoma STAGE IIIB was made .He got first pattern of RCHOP while hospitalized and later on released .He got rest of seven RCHOP seminars on open air premise. Through assessment during his open air follow up visits uncovered transverse hyper pigmented groups on the nails (chromonychia). The groups were different, transverse, roughly 1-mm wide, spreading over the whole nail expansiveness, dim shaded, nonblanchable, nonpalpable with smooth overlying nail surface on the nail plates all things considered and toes with well valuation for mediating faintly dim hued groups of nails(Figure 1,2). Unfortunately, he backslid post eight patterns of RCHOP chemotherapy and consequently began on s econd line chemotherapy RICE (Rituximab, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide), first course of which was given to him uneventfully as of late till the hour of composing this report. Case Report 2 A 55-year-old female introduced to hematology facility with grievances of torment mid-region for a half year with history of noteworthy loss of weight and hunger. Per mid-region assessment uncovered nearness of stomach irregularity with measurements of 18 cm x 15 cm with no hepatosplenomegaly.Tru-cut biopsy of knot was done .Histopathological assessment and immunohistochemistry affirmed high evaluation, B cell type non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. She was additionally explored and found to have stage IVB illness .Due to monetary issues she was given CVP routine (cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine),however she backslid following 3 courses when of composing this report. During her open air visits, she was found to have diffuse, dark pigmentation with longitudinal striae in the nails of digits of two hands (figure 3, 4) and feet. Conversation Among the multitudinous symptoms that chemotherapeutic medications have, mucocutaneous one are the most troubling for the patients presumably because of restorative reasons. Various examples of nail staining like chromonychia, leukonychia (counting Mees and Muehrckes lines), Beaus lines, paronychia and onycholysis have been well documented(1). Medications normally ensnared are †vincristine, hydroxyurea, etoposide, daunorubicin, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate (1, 2). The most successive assortment of chromonychia is melanonychia which is best characterized as a dim pigmentation of nails saw as diffuse, transverse, or longitudinal band patterns(2).Some increasingly normal and significant nail toxities have been summed up in table 1 with their depiction of morphology and pathophysiology of starting point. Impact of cyclophosphamide on nails ranges from diffuse, dark pigmentation to dim longitudinal striae , and diffuse, dull dim pigmentation found proximally, with overlying transverse, dark bands(2). Doxorubicin creates usually transverse, dull earthy colored groups substituting with white stripes and dim earthy colored diffuse pigmentation groups 4â€5 mm wide, which influence 66% of the distal segment of the nail(3). Hydroxyurea produces pigmentation that has a diffuse, dull earthy colored shading which may show up as single or twofold transverse groups. Our patient got the entirety of the previously mentioned drugs during his proper method of sickness Table1. Meanings of some basic nail toxities and plausible pathophysiology of starting point (1, 2) End Nail changes in spite of the fact that is by all accounts regular after chemotherapy, anyway goes unnoticed and underlooked in the lights of increasingly significant consuming issues of chemotherapy both by doctor and persistent and consequently evident rate of nail related changes is considerably more than announced particularly in dim hued people like our patient and henceforth requires sharp perception during follow up of these patients. References 1.Hinds G, Thomas VD. Danger and malignancy treatment-related hair and nail changes. Dermatologic centers. 2008;26(1):59-68, viii.. 2.Dasanu CA, Vaillant JG, Alexandrescu DT. Unmistakable examples of chromonychia, Beaus lines, and melanoderma seen with vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone treatment for various myeloma. Dermatology online diary. 2006;12(6):10. 3.Gilbar P, Hain A, Peereboom VM. Nail harmfulness instigated by disease chemotherapy. Diary of oncology drug store practice : official distribution of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners. 2009;15(3):143-55. LEGEND OF FIGURES Figure1.Multiple hyper pigmented, transverse groups, roughly 1-mm wide, crossing the whole nail expansiveness, dim hued, nonblanchable, nonpalpable with smooth overlying nail surface on the nail plates everything being equal and toes with well valuation for mediating faintly dark hued groups of nails. Figure2.Close up picture of two-sided nails with away from of hyper pigmented groups. Figure3. Numerous hyper pigmented, longitudinal striae noted in respective nails of fingers. Figure4. Hyper pigmented longitudinal groups transcendent in distal part of nails

Kurt Donald Cobain of Nirvana Essay -- essays research papers

Kurt Donald Cobain was the pioneer of Nirvana, the multi-platinum grunge band that re-imagined the sound of the nineties. Cobain was conceived on the twentieth of February 1967 in Hoquaim, a modest community 140 kilometers south-west of Seattle. His mom was a mixed drink server and his dad was an auto technician. Cobain before long moved to close by Aberdeen, a discouraged and passing on logging town. Cobain was for most his youth a debilitated bronchitic kid. Matters were exacerbated when Cobain's parent's separated from when he was seven and by his own record Cobain said he never felt adored or secure again. He turned out to be progressively troublesome, hostile to social and pulled back after his parent's separation. Cobain likewise said that his parent's awful part filled a ton of the anguish in Nirvana's music.      After his parent's separation Cobain wound up moved to and fro between different family members and at one phase destitute living under an extension. When Cobain was eleven he heard and was spellbound by the Britain's Sex Pistols and after their implosion Cobain and companion Krist Novoselic kept on tuning in to the rush of British groups including Joy Division the skeptical post-punk band that some state Nirvana are straightforwardly plunged from in type of temperament, tune and expressive quality. Cobain's aestheticness and skeptical disposition didn't make numerous companions in secondary school and some of the time earned him beatings from "jocks" Cobain settled the score by shower painting "QUEER" on their get trucks. By 1985 Aberdeen was dead and Cobain's next stop was Olympia. Cobain shaped and transformed a progression of groups before Nirvana came to be in 1986. Nirvana was an uncomfortable union between Cobain, bassist Krist Novoselic and in the long run drummer and multi-instrumentalist Dave Grohl By 1988 Nirvana were doing appears and had demo tapes going around. In 1989 Nirvana recorded their unpleasant edged first collection Bleach for nearby Seattle autonomous name Sub-Pop In Britain Nirvana got a ton of acknowledgment and in 1991 their agreement was purchased out by Geffen, they marked to the uber name, the first non-standard band to do as such. More than two years after Nirvana's first C.D. Fade was discharged they discharged Nevermind, a progression of various, crunching, shouting tunes that alongside it's first single Smells Like Teen Spirit would move Nirvana to standard fame. Scents Like Teen ... ... herself into a recovery community however left not long after a companion called her the following day with updates on Cobain's passing. Cobain's body was discovered when a circuit repairman visiting the house to introduce a security framework went round the rear of the house when nobody addressed the front entryway and looked through windows. He thought he saw a mannequin spread on the floor until he saw a splotch of blood by Cobain's ear. At the point when police separated the entryway they discovered Cobain dead on the floor, a shotgun despite everything pointed at his jawline and on a close by counter a self destruction note written in red ink routed to Love and the couples then multi month old little girl Frances Bean. The self destruction note finished with the words "I love you, I love you." Two days after Kurt Cobain's body was found around 5,000 individuals accumulated in Seattle for a candlelight vigil. the distressed group filled the air with base serenades, consumed their wool shirts and battled with police. They additionally tuned in to a tape made by Cobain's better half in which she read from his self destruction note. A few troubled young people in the U.S. furthermore, Australia murdered themselves. The prevailing press was bludgeoned for it's absence of regard and comprehension of youth culture.

Editing of a Gangster Film Essays

Altering of a Gangster Film Essays Altering of a Gangster Film Paper Altering of a Gangster Film Paper Stephanie Guzman #0714293 Film 1 | Professor Daughdrill 16 November 2011 Capture. Feel. Upgrade. The Secret? Altering. Bonnie Clyde depicts the affection filled activity story of a stunning team. This film was one of the first to delineate real brutal scenes, just as seriously spirited ones. During the 1960’s, the French New Wave chiefs started affecting a greater part of movies, Bonnie Clyde being one of them in 1967. With such huge numbers of tones and activity filled scenes, the strategy and style of the altering in the film is a significant factor which assists set with increasing the whole tone of the film. The film Bonnie Clyde, by Arthur Penn, uses pace, mood, and certain French New Wave altering procedures to depict and upgrade quiet, spirited, extreme and even fierce tones in scenes all through the film. The mood of moderate paced shots in the film are utilized a few of times to show scenes which do exclude a lot of activity, progressively over incorporate quiet minutes. This would incorporate scenes when Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were basically driving or holding up in their vehicle, for instance, when they were sitting tight in the vehicle for C. W. Greenery to return from purchasing the â€Å"light bulbs† for his father. That scene began with a long lengths medium since quite a while ago shot. What's more, the film opens with Bonnie Parker standing and meandering around in her room. As she meanders around, there is a progression of close-up shots, which run more slow paced than most shots. At that point, the second Bonnie spots Clyde Barrow, an extraordinary close-up of her eyes happens. The smoothness and weariness of Bonnie Parker is depicted through the consistent yet gradually paced close-up shots. The accompanying prompt shot to her eyes show and imprint one of the most significant snapshots of the film, when Bonnie and Clyde previously look at one another. The utilization of shots in this arrangement improved the projection of the tone just as the peaceful, quiet temperaments of the story. So as to make a lively, warmth filled scene, Arthur Penn utilizes a blend of medium long shots and medium close-ups to catch the serious climate of the sentiment filled scenes. The piece of the film where Bonnie and Clyde endeavor to have intercourse just because, truly gave watchers an inside glance at what every individual idea right now, carrying the watcher to a more profound comprehension of the environment that was occurring. During that scene, the couple is questioning about what is most secure for Bonnie, when she concludes that she couldn't care less what is correct, she simply needs to be with him. Clyde out of nowhere endeavors to check out creation love and starts to stroke Bonnie. Inevitably he understands he was unable to continue and gets some distance from her. All through the scene, a progression of genuinely medium and quicker paced shots start to grouping, indicating medium close-ups of every character face, with medium long shots in the middle. Thusly, watchers can see and feel each character’s feelings, carrying the watcher into the tone of the film through its style and decision of altered shots and groupings. Since the Movie was delivered in 1967, the French New Wave was of some impact on the altering of Bonnie Clyde. The style of hop slices is seen inconsistently all through the film. The first run through is from the beginning, when Bonnie is at her home, exhausted and meandering around her room bare. As Bonnie rests on her bed, a hop cut happens and she is out of nowhere slamming into the metal edge of her bed. Penn utilizes the bounce remove procedure to require some serious energy that is senselessly and gradually cruising by, just as to show the fatigue of Bonnie Parker. Somewhere else was on the scene where Clyde was wrestling the butcher man from the market, and they wound up falling on some cases and staple goods. As Clyde and the Butcher Man endeavor to remain back up, the scene naturally hops from being on the floor, to Clyde standing fully operational out of the store, on his way. Bounce cuts are recognizably utilized all through the film and are there to reinforce certain tones, which scenes are attempting to depict and mindful the crowd of what is happening. Ultimately, Penn’s film genuinely shows the new extreme tones of the century’s viciousness through its different quick, short length cuts. The best model is at the finish of the film when Bonnie and Clyde are caught and meet their last end. On their way from leaving the town place, they run into C. W. ’s daddy Ivan Moss out and about. During the whole ride from the commercial center, Clyde is driving while Bonnie is eating an apple and imparting it to him. At the point when the team sees Ivan Moss abandoned by the side of the road, they leave their vehicle and Clyde strolls over to support Moss. Seconds after, directly before another vehicle is going to run into them, Ivan turns dubious and as he glances around, dark crows fly out of the brambles, Ivan runs under his truck to duck, and Bonnie and Clyde understand that there is somebody in the shrubberies and that their finishes had at last come as they endeavor to hurry to one another and be as one again before they inhale their final gasps. That scene starts with long length shots of medium close-ups which show them simply driving down joyfully, hardly any going on. Pushing ahead to the finish of the scene, their bodies are totally being taken shots at all finished, and the whole scene is all being played by a progression of a few medium long, medium close up, and two or three long shots. Joining those arrangement of shots and by making them quick paced short length shots, Penn had the option to make a serious alter to upgrade the savagery, causing one to feel as though they were there direct to observe it themselves and giving the watcher a full and exhaustive understanding and point of view. Once more, unmistakably setting the extreme and sensational tone of the story for that specific scene. By utilizing a few of the altering strategies, for example, the pace and examples of shots, including the kinds of shots, and the French New Wave altering procedures, Penn can make a few tones all through the film, which identify with the circumstances or to the demeanor/temperaments of the given conditions. For activity scenes, quick paced close-ups are perfect to uncover a point by point picture to the watcher with the goal that they can feel that adrenaline surge and the activity or rough tones of the scene. Just as for scenes, which have increasingly dull attributes, longer extended shots are assembled to improve the effortlessness of the scene. Indeed, even the bounce cut procedure is placed energetically in scenes to skip time and upgrade whichever tone the scene may depict. These altering procedures and utilization of shots have made the temperaments which Penn imagined the watcher to feel, catching the watchers consideration and upgrading the fervor, surge, or different emotions basically through the strategy and style of altering.

Wuthering Heights Annotaations - Free Essay Example

Characters Heathcliff Heathcliff is in love with Catherine. Catherine truly gave him a boost of confidence to pursue in everything he wanted. But when she left him for Edgar for popularity reasons, he turned into an evil human. He treats his dogs poorly. Wuthering Heights is where he lives. Marries Isabella for revenge on Edgar for marrying the love of his life, Catherine. Edgar Linton Edgar is passionate about Catherine, and understands her signifigantly more than others. Edgar loses everything. Cathy Linton A curious women who is new to Wuthering Heights. Edgars sister. Has a quality of being two faced. Catherine Earnshaw Cannot choose between her love for Edgar or Heathcliff. Catherine only wants what is good for her. She is truly in love with Heathcliff, but really wants to be a wealthy women, and Edgar can her that. Nelly Dean Narrator of the book. Starts a lot of drama, and enjoys the commotion. Gets all of his information from Zillah Hareton Earnshaw Never had a true father, and doesnt understand what love is. Looks at Heathcliff as a father. Develops feelings for Cathy. Isabella Edgar Lintons sister. Marries Heathcliff. Lockwood He typically causes a lot of issues, because he isnt as close with many of the characters. Rents from Heathcliffs Thrushcross Grange. Mr. Earnshaw Catherines and Hindleys father. He adopted Heathcliff, and seems to like him more than his own children. Mrs. Earnshaw Catherines mom. Hates Heathcliff and loves Hindley. Married to Mr. Earnshaw. Hindley Earnshaw Catherines brother. Hates Heathcliff because his parents favor him more than him, so he gets jealous because he isnt even related. Married to Frances. Frances Earnshaw Married to Hindley. Frances is a very ill women who shortly dies after she gives birth to her son Hareton. Joseph He is a slave for Wuthering Heights. Many people find him extremely sketchy because of how religous he is. Mr. Linton Edgars dad. Supports Catherine so she can live her life successfully, dies after healing Catherine. Mrs. Linton Edgars mom. Married to Mr. Linton, is a signifigant part to Catherines life, dies after Catherine is back to normal. Zillah Heathcliffs maid, and gives Nelly a lot of inside information at Wuthering Heights. Conflicts : MAIN CONFLICT The main conflict is that Heathcliff and Catherine are truly in love with each other. Catherine is extremely selfcentered and she wants whatever makes her look the best. Heathcliff had the potential to be a weathy gentleman, but Catherine didnt want to wait, so she saw that Edgar already was a weathy man, and she wanted to look wealthy as well right away. The tension between the 3 characters causes everything to go haywire between the rest of the character in the novel. Heathcliff is in love with Catherine, but Edgar ends up marrying her. Heathcliff then marries Isabella to get revenge on Edgar for stealing the love of his life. This is an example of internal conflict because Heathcliff is jealous of Edgar Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw adopt Heathcliff, and favor him more than their actual children. Which makes Hindley, their son very angry. Catherine experiences an internal conflict when she has to choose between Edgar and Heathcliff. She gets called on that she loves both,and cannot decide who she wanted to be with. Her indecicivness ends up causing her death. Theme : Love Love is a theme of the novel because many of the characters love one another. Some circumstances are more difficult than others but they still experience it. Heathcliff is in love with Catherine, and she is in love with him. But Catherine is a selfcentered brat, who cares about her social life, so she chooses Edgar over Heathcliff. Hate Hate is a theme of the novel because Heathcliff is in love with Catherine but so is Edgar. They hate each other because they both know that Catherine is in love with Heathcliff. Heathcliff hates Edgar because he has a better life financially and thats what Catherine wants. Edgar than begins to hate Heathcliff even more because he marries his sister Isabella. Revenge Revenge is a theme of the novel because Heathcliff wants to get revenge on Edgar for taking the love of his life away from him. Heathcliff decides that a good way to get him back for taking her would be to marry his sister. Family Family is a theme of the novel because if it werent for the families and everyone being related, everything would go bad. Nobody would be in Wuthering Heights anymore and the people would make poor decisions towards each other. If there was no family in this story there would be no drama because there would be no way to make anyone mad or use anyone for revenge in that matter. An example is that Heathcliff wouldnt be able to use Isabella for revenge on Edgar if there was no family in the novel. Feeling of Alienation Feeling of Alienation comes into play when Heathcliff is pushed away from everyone. He was isolated because he is always looking for a way to ruin someones progress and happiness. I believe he does this because he got Catherine taken away from him, so he wants people to feel his pain. Heathcliff tries to get back at everyone for the terrible things they have done to him in the past, but it ends up hurting himself even more. Key Points Within The Novel Mr. Lockwood rents from Heathcliff at Thrushcross Grange Joseph is a servant It is noticed that 1500 and Hareton Earnshaw are marked, but never asks why Heathcliff seems to want no part of Mr.Lockwood Violent dogs went after Healthcliff and Mr Lockwood A random guy gets lockwood to go with him to try and get him back inside of wuthering heights. It is snowing for almost the whole chapter The slave calls the dogs to attack Lockwood and the other guy who were trying to get in Heathcliff is adopted by mr and mrs earnshaw, and treated like garbage when ,r earnshaw dies because there is no one to stop Hindley for attacking him. Catherine and Heathcliff are madly in love, and sneak up on edgars house, they are caught and heathcliff becomes extremely hated, and catherine moves in with isabella and edgar. Heathcliff becomes extremely upset when catherine decideds to choose edgar over him, while he is locked away. Hareton is born, son of Hindley. Catherine decided to marry edgar. They have a baby together and catherine dies while giving birth to cathy. Heathcliff marries isabella as a way of getting edgar angry because its his sister, and he stole the love of his life. And for ruining his whole life. Heathcliff tries to ruin edgars life all and all, because he is that upset from being hated and the love of his life dying. Heathcliff tries to get cathy and hareton to get married to make hindley upset. While Heathcliff is trying to plan ways to kill edgar and completely abolish his life, catherine haunts him 24/7.

The Battle Of The American Civil War - 2043 Words

Perhaps during no period in the American Civil War was Union victory more in doubt than the in the winter of 1862. Patriotic fervor had dissipated, volunteers were scarce, and Union statesman were slowly succumbing to notions of a compromise that could end the war, but at the expense of Lincoln’s political objectives. Standing opposite of Grand Gulf on the western bank of the Mississippi River, General Ulysses S. Grant faced a critical decision; withdraw his army to strengthen supply lines to Memphis, or continue to Vicksburg. Grant’s decision to proceed brought with it significant risk, but the alternative would almost certainly have exacerbated the already tenuous political conditions. Grant later defended his decision in saying a â€Å"defeat or backward movement† would cede the initiative to the Pemberton’s Army of Mississippi, thus â€Å"a forward movement to a decisive victory was necessary† to both operational success and the continuation of Lincoln’s policy. Grant’s combination of political acumen and prudent tactical decision making in Vicksburg was a fine example of operational art by a man who many consider its greatest practitioner. Grant expertly balanced risk and opportunity by conducting a series of operations in time, space, and purpose using ground and naval forces in pursuit of strategic objectives. The intent of this paper is not to narrate the campaign in its entirety, but rather to examine key points in the campaign where Grant best applied operational art. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The American Civil War Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pages How could a traumatic war possibly be a great cause to our country? The battles of the American Civil War for example, has dramatically affected this country in a plethora of ways; from abolishing slavery in the South, uniting the United States, and changing the political and social ways of how we are today. However, these are not the only changes to occur. Military and medicine started to advance, and even different cultures and languages began to develop across the land. As of today, it has beenRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War905 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil war occurred about seventy-eight years after the American Revolution, and has many of the same characteristics of a revolution. In both wars, the American people fought for what they believed in and the way of life that they wished to live. However, the two wars differ from each other, as the soldiers that fought in the Civil War fought a new American Revolution that could have split the new world. The Confederate soldiers in the Civil War fought to keep their way of life withoutRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1140 Words   |  5 PagesOn April 12th 1861 the famous American Civil War began, citizens from all over the United states fought against one another. The war pitted brother against brother in a fight primarily over the freedom of slaves. 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However, when discussing the America Civil War and the idea of separation, it is important to be mindful that separation did not simply end at the state level.Read MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1335 Words   |  6 Pagesback with hindsight and the knowledge of warfare of the 21st century it is easy to say that the American Civil War was simply put, a very traditional war. Thinking of modern tactics and a course of numbers and deployment one might come to the conclusion that the Civil War was fought centuries ago; nevertheless, it only occurred 152 years ago. This hard fought national struggle was in fact a very modern war for many simple reasons, including the e mergence of a new form of large national government withRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1425 Words   |  6 PagesThree years after the attack on Fort Sumter, one of the most controversial battles of the American Civil War was fought in West Tennessee. The battle at Fort Pillow, located near the Mississippi River about 50 miles north of Memphis, was a bloody slaughter of a mixed Union garrison. The garrison was comprised of 557 men total, about half of those men were African American s in the 6th U.S. Regiment Colored Heavy Artillery, and the 2nd Colored Light Artillery, commanded by Major Lionel F. Booth.Read MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War998 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was fought from April 12th 1861 to May 9th 1865 to mark the bloodiest clash in American history. The civil war started as a result of differences between the free and slave states over the authority of the national government to outlaw slavery in the Southern states. The eco nomy of the northern states had modernized and industrialization had taken root. They had invested heavily in their transport system, financial industries and communications network. 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Few words have a stronger impact, or strike as familiar of a note, as the words â€Å"Four score and seven years ago.† Americans recognize this statement on a subconscious level, even if they do not know whe re they are from. These words were spoken in Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, at a pivotalRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1463 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Stonewall† Jackson was alive in a very tense time for American History. The Southern States were in a full scale rebellion from the Union now calling themselves The Confederate States of America. The previously unified nation was split into two opposing sides going head to head in a battle to the death, with no end in sight. Starting his career in the US military, Jackson continued on to become one of the most famous generals in the American Civil War. Many historians consider him not only a strong leader

Alcoholism Essay - 1075 Words

Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is a chronic disease, which is common in our world today. In the United States, 1 in every 13 adults is either an abuser of alcohol or an alcoholic. This disease includes a craving from the victim in spite of any problems or consequences, which they may have or have had. Consequences of this disease are often very severe; for example, job problems frequently arise. In addition to serious job dilemmas, victims of this disease often get into mischief with the law, as well as undergo critical health problems. The NCADD (National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence) thoroughly investigates this serious disease. This council’s research has discovered that 17.7 million United States’ citizens have this†¦show more content†¦The larger the company, the more common this disease is to exist among employees. It is important that employers realize that this problem is serious and should be paid attention to. If a worker is suffering from this addiction, then the employer should address this issue. There are several ways for an employer to help their employees. As time progresses and we become more aware of this problem, the more help there is for people who suffer from alcoholism. In many cases, alcoholic treatment is effective in many cases. An example of employer action taken against alcoholism in the workplace is quot;Drugs Don’t Work in NJ!quot; This was formed in 1992 in New Jersey and they have achieved many great accomplishments. Examples of these accomplishments are: a five-part package program for small to mid-sized businesses, they published the results from these businesses, established an unprecedented information network of newsletters, legal updates, etc. to assist businesses, enrolled a large majority of NJ’s businesses in this program, and instituted a partnership with the NCADD. This is only one example of an employer’s choice to act on alcoholism in their business. 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Importance of Job Satisfaction-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report on the Millennials Employee Motivation. Answer: Introduction Job satisfaction is the employees attitude regarding their job or work context. Thus, this implies that an employees attitude to his job can influence their behavior at the work place, which in turn will affect the employees performance. However, Millennial generation are comprising of 75% of the labor force these days and in comparison to the younger generations they are found less prone to changing jobs and they are found measuring their career satisfaction in a different way (Solnet, Kralj Kandampully, 2012). Discussion Vrooms expectancy theory of motivation says that behavior is the outcome of the conscious selection among the alternatives whose motive is to enhance pleasure and to lessen pain. According to vroom, an employees performance depends on independent key characteristics of the employees, which are their personalities, skills, knowledge, experiences and their abilities. The model further uses three variables, which are considered important here, are Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valance. Expectancy means that as the effort increases the performance increase as well. Instrumentality proposes that if the employees perform well then there will be a valued result that could be received. Lastly, valance is the significance that is placed on the expected result by an employee (Parijat Bagga, 2014). Millennial employees will highly placed their attention on extrinsic rewards and so here the Vrooms expectancy model comes into the picture as the variables are intervening in their work and so employees are found that in expectation of the outcomes or rewards the millennial workers will enhance their productivity. If they know that, their performance will get them the desired outcome this will definitely motivate them to work harder. The age and career success of the millennial employees conveys that they are motivated by the rewards they are getting as an outcome of their performance and thus this is encouraging them to work harder. On the other hand, Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory displays that certain features of a job are invariably related to the job satisfaction, however various factors are related with job satisfaction and there are factors that cause job dissatisfaction. Herzberg defines two types of factors one is hygiene factors/ extrinsic motivation and the other is Motivational factors or Extrinsic Motivators. Hygiene factors are those that are the basic needs of an employee like status, job security, salary and benefits. Employees those are provided with this type of motivations are found to be satisfied as well as motivated. However, motivational factors or intrinsic motivators are lacking tangibility and tends to satisfy more of their emotional needs like facing challenging works, recognitions for themselves, and relationships with other employees and potential growth. This type of need is very essential in authorizing strong independent and team performances (Yusoff, Kian Idris, 2013). In case of millennial workforce, it is seen that their job satisfaction depends on both extrinsic and intrinsic motivating factors. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators act crucial factors for this group of people in the workforce. Hygiene factors are the basic need that act as a satisfactory drives for the millennial employees once it is fulfilled they start following the greater needs that comprises of the motivational factors. Looking through an organizations structure it can be seen that the millennial employees are seeking for challenging tasks, recognition for themselves in the organization as well as for potential growth in the department. This generation employees are considered more confident and motivated. Moreover, the psychological contract defines the relationship and the assumption between the employees and the organization. Millennial employees are found to be very much adoptable with the changes that they collides in their workplace, they are devoted to personal growth and loves challenging tasks and organizations always prefers employees who are this focus and can enhance their productivity through performing the challenging tasks and are flexible with the changes in the workplace (Festing Schfer, 2014). Conclusion The recommendation that the managers can apply to enhance the motivation of the millennial employees are as follows- Millennial employees should be given regular feedbacks along with encouragements. They must be getting the feedback of how they are doing and their good works will be rewarded. Millennial employees should be provided with flexible scheduling of work hours, intermittent telecommuting and boundless vacation time keeping in mind that their performance is not hampered. These employees must also be supplied with education and professional expansion for those who are interested in learning and developing their skills. Thus, millennial employees are more socially responsible and if their extrinsic and intrinsic motivations are met then they can be well satisfied with their job. References Festing, M., Schfer, L. (2014). Generational challenges to talent management: A framework for talent retention based on the psychological-contract perspective.Journal of World Business,49(2), 262-271. Parijat, P., Bagga, S. (2014). Victor Vrooms expectancy theory of motivationAn evaluation.International Research Journal of Business and Management (IRJBM),7(9), 1-8. Solnet, D., Kralj, A., Kandampully, J. (2012). Generation Y employees: An examination of work attitude differences.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,17(3), 36. Yusoff, W. F. W., Kian, T. S., Idris, M. T. M. (2013). Herzbergs Two Factors Theory On Work Motivation: Does Its Work For Todays Environment.Global journal of commerce and Management,2(5), 18-22.